The Art of Resistance

"Written with grace and keen insight, this work illuminates unexpected aspects of China's culture, while adding a new dimension to global discourse about the role of art in times of historical trauma. Hawks offers startlingly new visual evidence for spiritual resistance in Mao's China, which will enable readers to think afresh about the Nazi Holocaust and Stalin's reign of terror as well. This book accomplishes a rare feat: it addresses both art and history compellingly in a way that enriches both disciplines."—Vera Schwarcz, author of Colors of Veracity: A Quest for Truth in China and Beyond

"Through poetic images in calligraphic and pictorial forms, Chinese artists have reacted to state tyranny for centuries, expressing in their works oblique political and social critiques.  Mountains, rivers, waterfalls, flowers, trees, buffaloes, horses, birds, and insects—the staple subjects of traditional ink painting—were not what they seemed at first sight. Especially in times of repression, they became powerful symbols of resistance. Hawks evocatively explores the tragic experience of seven prominent modern Chinese painters during the Cultural Revolution. Chapter after chapter, we witness a crescendo of horrors and hope. In the midst of the 'ten years of bitterness,' subjected to unspeakable humiliations and physical brutality, these artists gained 'something intense, shining, and growing,' as famous novelist Ba Jin put it. By resisting, they produced—often secretly—new forms of modern Chinese art, infusing traditional themes with new blood. Relying on visual analysis, written records, and interviews with the painters, their descendants, friends, and students, Hawks deftly uncovers for the Western public these artists' vital connection with the deep moral and aesthetic roots of Chinese literati painting, in their search for new ways to express Chinese modernity."—Eugenio Menegon, Boston University